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What are the types of refrigerants in refrigerated trucks?

Refrigerants used in refrigerated trucks can be categorized into several types based on their thermodynamic, physical, chemical properties, and composition. The common types are:

1. Freon Refrigerants

Freon refrigerants (CFCs and HCFCs) are chemically stable, have low flammability, are inert, and generally non-toxic. They only break down into harmful phosgene gas when exposed to open flames. The wide use of Freon has significantly contributed to the advancement of refrigerated truck technology.

2. Inorganic Compound Refrigerants

These include refrigerants such as ammonia, water, air, and carbon dioxide. Ammonia is the most widely used refrigerant in this category. It has moderate pressure, high refrigeration capacity per unit volume, and is cost-effective. Ammonia is often used in road-based cold storage units and marine refrigeration systems on fishing vessels.

3. Hydrocarbon Refrigerants

Hydrocarbon compounds such as ethane, ethylene, propane, and propylene are used as refrigerants, especially in the petroleum and chemical industries. Propane and propylene are used in two-stage compression refrigeration or in the high-temperature sections of cascade refrigeration systems, while ethane and ethylene are used in the low-temperature sections. These refrigerants have low freezing points and are affordable, but they pose significant safety risks due to their flammability.

4. Blended Refrigerants

Blended refrigerants are mixtures of two or more refrigerants combined in specific proportions. They are designed to optimize refrigeration performance over a specific temperature range, offering better operating efficiency than single-compound refrigerants.

Each type has its advantages and disadvantages, making them suitable for different applications depending on factors like temperature requirements, cost, and safety considerations.

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